ЁЯУШ 11th Commerce
Unit I – Fundamentals of Business
Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent
I. Choose the Correct Answer
1. In Pandiyas Dynasty the place where the goods are sold is
a) Angadi
b) Market
c) Nalangadi
d) Allangadi
Answer: a) Angadi
b) Market
c) Nalangadi
d) Allangadi
Answer: a) Angadi
2. Hindrance of place is removed by
a) Transport
b) Warehouse
c) Salesman
d) Insurance
Answer: a) Transport
b) Warehouse
c) Salesman
d) Insurance
Answer: a) Transport
3. Who wrote "Arthasasthra"?
a) Kautilya
b) Kambar
c) Thiruvalluvar
d) Elangovadigal
Answer: a) Kautilya
b) Kambar
c) Thiruvalluvar
d) Elangovadigal
Answer: a) Kautilya
4. Trade and Commerce was common in ______ Dynasty.
a) Pallava
b) Chola
c) Pandiya
d) Chera
Answer: c) Pandiya
b) Chola
c) Pandiya
d) Chera
Answer: c) Pandiya
5. Who helped traders move safely through forests?
a) Balban
b) Vasco da Gama
c) Akbar
d) Alauddin Khilji
Answer: d) Alauddin Khilji
b) Vasco da Gama
c) Akbar
d) Alauddin Khilji
Answer: d) Alauddin Khilji
II. Very Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)
1. What is meant by Barter System?
- Goods were exchanged for goods.
- Money was not used.
- Common in ancient times.
2. What is meant by Nalangadi?
- Nalangadi means day market.
- Goods were sold during daytime.
- It was a trading centre.
3. What is meant by Allangadi?
- Allangadi means night market.
- Goods were sold at night.
- It was a busy trade place.
III. Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)
1. Explain the meaning of the term "Vanigam".
- Vanigam means trade or commerce.
- Tamils exchanged surplus goods.
- Mentioned in Sangam literature.
2. State the meaning of Maruvurapakkam and Pattinapakkam.
- Maruvurapakkam means inland town.
- Pattinapakkam means coastal town.
- Both were important trade centres.
3. What are the ports developed by Pandiya Kingdom?
- Important ports were Tondi and Korkai.
- Trade flourished through these ports.
- Imports and exports were common.
IV. Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)
1. What are the hindrances of Commerce?
- Hindrance of person.
- Hindrance of place.
- Hindrance of time.
- Risk of deterioration in quality.
- Risk of loss due to accidents.
- Transport helps overcome distance.
- Insurance protects against losses.
2. State the constraints in Barter System.
- Lack of double coincidence of wants.
- No common measure of value.
- Difficult for buyers and sellers to meet.
- Lack of surplus goods.
- Exchange process was inconvenient.
- Trade was time-consuming.
- Barter limited business growth.
3. Briefly explain the coastal trade in ancient Tamil Nadu.
- Coastal towns were important trade centres.
- Tondi, Korkai, Puhar and Muziri were famous ports.
- Imports and exports were carried out.
- People traded pearls, fish and salt.
- Ships and boats were used.
- Foreign trade developed through ports.
- Trade connected Tamil Nadu with other countries.
